To browse Academia. This study presents a collection of annotated Haya word lists derived from responses of ten mother-tongue speakers in Tanzania. The primary objective is to analyze how these responses differ from existing literature on Haya, which is deemed as authoritative. The deviations noted may arise from colloquial usage, dialectal differences, influences from other languages, or misunderstandings. This research not only catalogs these findings but also provides insights into the behavior of informants in presenting language data.
This article provides the impact of contact of Bantu and non-Bantu languages of Tanzania. Much attention is paid to the dispersal of Swahili words into Hadzabe, Iraqw and Maasai; and exemplary cases of Bantu-to-Bantu contacts have been included. Findings indicate that a layer of Swahili and English words exist in many languages of South-Western Tanzania such as Nyakyusa, Nyamwanga, Ndali, among others. Along the coast of Tanzania, influence of Swahili lexis is massive in such languages as Maraba.
The Bantu to non-bantu contacts yielded numerous loans across Greebergian language phylums in Tanzania as evidenced in, for example, Swahili loans in Burunge and Hadzabe. Findings demonstrate distinct mechanisms of incorporation of loans. In Cushitic and Nilotic languages such as Hadzabe, Iraqw and Maasai, gender marking is the primary mechanism of adaptation of Bantu loans whilst Bantu languages assign noun classifications to the loanwords from English and non-Bantu languages.
This paper reports on the effects Swahilization has had on the Matengo language through examples of Swahili loanwords. The infl uence of Swahili can be seen in areas such as grammar and phonology in Matengo, one of the middle-sized ethnic languages of Tanzania. The most remarkable infl uence is in the lexicon. Some Swahili words are used as a result of unconscious code-mixing, but so far used as new vocabulary loaned from Swahili.
This trend points to a language shift that will certainly grow stronger, given the overall impact of Swahili, the national language of Tanzania. Tanzania's language and culture policy makes it possible to use minority languages, potentially even in education. A necessary step for producing educational material in these languages is their linguistic description. So far, such descriptions have been written using European languages, thus making them inaccessible to most Tanzanians.
