A battleship is a large, heavily armored warship with a main battery consisting of large- caliber guns , designed to serve as capital ships with the most intense firepower. Before the rise of supercarriers , battleships were among the largest and most formidable weapon systems ever built. The term battleship came into use in the late s to describe a type of ironclad warship , [ 1 ] now referred to by historians as pre-dreadnought battleships.
Subsequent battleship designs, influenced by HMS Dreadnought , were referred to as " dreadnoughts ", though the term eventually became obsolete as dreadnoughts became the only type of battleship in common use. Battleships dominated naval warfare in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and were a symbol of naval dominance and national might, and for decades were a major intimidation factor for power projection in both diplomacy and military strategy.
Three major fleet actions between steel battleships took place: the long-range gunnery duel at the Battle of the Yellow Sea [ 10 ] in , the decisive Battle of Tsushima in both during the Russo-Japanese War and the inconclusive Battle of Jutland in , during the First World War. Jutland was the largest naval battle and the only full-scale clash of dreadnoughts of the war, and it was the last major battle in naval history fought primarily by battleships.
The Naval Treaties of the s and s limited the number of battleships, though technical innovation in battleship design continued. Both the Allied and Axis powers built battleships during World War II, though the increasing importance of the aircraft carrier meant that the battleship played a less important role than had been expected in that conflict. The value of the battleship has been questioned, even during their heyday.
Even in spite of their huge firepower and protection, battleships were increasingly vulnerable to much smaller and relatively inexpensive weapons: initially the torpedo and the naval mine , and later attack aircraft and the guided missile. Four battleships were retained by the United States Navy until the end of the Cold War for fire support purposes and were last used in combat during the Gulf War in , and then struck from the U.
