You have full access to this open access article. Preimplantation Genetic Testing PGT has attracted considerable ethical, legal, and social scrutiny, but academic debate often fails to reflect clinical realities. Conversely, critical issues like PGT funding and familial impacts remain underexplored. This review underscores an urgent need for ELSI research to align more closely with clinical practice, promoting collaborations among ethicists, clinicians, policymakers, and economists.
Such efforts are essential for grounding debates in practical relevance, ultimately steering PGT towards ethical integrity, societal acceptance, and equitable access, aiming to harmonize PGT research with real-world clinical concerns, enhancing the relevance and impact of future ethical discussions.
These ELSI assessments are influenced by cross-cultural differences and value-based perspectives and have an impact on the evolution of clinical practices and regulations, concerning which genetic conditions may be diagnosed i. It refers to the genetic analysis of a biopsy removed from an embryo and used to select against various genetic conditions and characteristics.
Specifically, PGT-M monogenic disorders targets single-gene disorders, which are caused by mutations in a single gene, affecting traits or causing diseases such as cystic fibrosis. PGT-SR structural rearrangements addresses hereditary chromosome abnormalities, where the structure or number of chromosomes is altered, potentially leading to conditions like Down syndrome.
PGT-P polygenic disorders aims to reduce the risk of diseases influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors, such as diabetes, cancerous, and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, sex selection SS is used for medical and non-medical reasons, often to prevent sex-linked genetic diseases. In recent years, PGT-A aneuploidy screening has become common to select against aneuploidies, conditions where the number of chromosomes is not the standard 46, helping to increase implantation rates, reduce the risk of miscarriage, and avoid chromosomal abnormalities [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].
