Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Address correspondence to Kawthar Bouchemal, kawthar. Strategies for prevention and treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis infections. Clin Microbiol Rev β All Rights Reserved. The last estimated annual incidence of Trichomonas vaginalis worldwide exceeds that of chlamydia and gonorrhea combined.
This critical review updates the state of the art on advances in T. In particular, new data on treatment outcomes for topical administration of formulations are reviewed and discussed. Trichomonas vaginalis is a human protistan parasite responsible for the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease in the world.
It can also infect the urethra and prostate in men. Although men are often asymptomatic carriers of T. Classical symptoms include a malodorous and purulent discharge which results in local pain and irritation. This parasite can also result in serious consequences, such as infertility, premature rupture of placental membranes, premature delivery, low-birth-weight infants, and neonatal death 2.
Moreover, an increased predisposition to HIV infection has been reported for both men and women 3. Oral metronidazole remains the recommended regimen for the treatment of trichomoniasis. However, treatment failure does occur, mainly due to significant gastrointestinal adverse effects, which have been found to be temporary and disappear after the cessation of treatment.
Systemic delivery of metronidazole may also result in allergy and drug resistance 4. In this context, intravaginal drug delivery allows better-tolerated prevention and treatment options for trichomoniasis that avoid systemic adverse effects. This article offers an update on the progress in T. A vaccine strategy for the prevention of T. Although reviews of the literature do exist 5 β 14 , documentation on the vaginal administration of drugs and strategies for the prevention of T.
