Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Correspondence to: Christos C. Zouboulis, Email: christos. The article may be redistributed, reproduced, and reused for non-commercial purposes, provided the original source is properly cited.
Skin aging is a complex biological process influenced by a combination of endogenous or intrinsic and exogenous or extrinsic factors. It is the intention of this article to review the most important anti-aging strategies that dermatologists have nowadays in hand, including including preventive measurements, cosmetological strategies, topical and systemic therapeutic agents and invasive procedures.
Keywords: aging, anti-aging, antioxidants, laser, peeling, fillers, botulinum toxin, hormone replacement therapy, cell regulators, prevention. Skin aging is a complex biological process influenced by combination of endogenous or intrinsic genetics, cellular metabolism, hormone and metabolic processes and exogenous or extrinsic chronic light exposure, pollution, ionizing radiation, chemicals, toxins factors.
This fact is important when esthetic procedures are scheduled. The sparse distribution and decrease in collagen content in photoaged skin can be due to increased collagen degradation by various matrix metalloproteinases, serine, and other proteases irrespective of the same collagen production. In photo-aged skin, GAGs may be associated with abnormal elastotic material and thus be unable to function effectively. Presentation of aging of the entire face is associated with the gravity impact, muscles action, loss of volume, diminishing and redistribution of superficial and deep fat, loss of bony skeleton support what all together lead to the face sagging, changes in shape and contour.
Regardless of the fact that aging is a biological inevitable process and not a pathological condition it is correlated with various skin and body pathologies, including degenerative disorders, benign and malignant neoplasms. The desired therapeutic anti-aging effect of the skin is continuous, step-by step process, which combines various methods of the skin bio-revitalization and rejuvenation, augmentation, restoration of each skin layer individually and in the light of many other factors—from a style of the life to the immune, genetic, emotional and health status in general.
